Organizational Behavior - What Is Kaizen I Low Is This...

Need Answer Sheet of this Question paper, contact aravind.banakar@gmail.com www.mbacasestudyanswers.com ARAVIND – 09901366442 – 09902787224 Organizational Behavior Q1. Do you believe people are really getting smarter? Why or why not? Q2. Which of the factors explaining the Flynn Effect do you buy? Q3. Are there any societal advantages of disadvantages to the Flynn Effect? Q4. What performance problems is the captain trying to correct? Q5. Use the MARS model of individual behavior and performance to diagnose the possible causes of the unacceptable behavior. Q6. Has the captain considered all possible solutions to the problem? If not, what else might be done? Q7. Identify the stressors in John Breckenridge’s†¦show more content†¦Q32. Explain how encouraging engineers at RWE npower to think outside the box has led to increased motivation for these employees. Q33. Recommend wavy in which another organisation of your choice might improve its employees to think in creative ways about work. results through encouraging its employees to think in creative ways about work-related problems. Q34. How does Siemens seek to provide good career opportunities for employees? Q35. Describe one of the systems that Siemens has created which provides development opportunities for employees at work Q36. How important is the appraisal system in helping to create shared understandings the objectives of the organization and personal objectives of individual employees? Q37. How effective do you think the Siemens approach to people management will be 2 in creating great results Need Answer Sheet of this Question paper, contact aravind.banakar@gmail.com www.mbacasestudyanswers.com ARAVIND – 09901366442 –Show MoreRelatedOrganizational Behavior - What Are the Sources of Conflict for These Conflict Incidents743 Words   |  3 PagesSheet of this Question paper, contact aravind.banakar@gmail.com www.mbacasestudyanswers.com ARAVIND – 09901366442 – 09902787224 Organizational Behavior    Q1.  Do you believe people are really getting smarter? Why or why not? Q2.  Which of the factors explaining the Flynn Effect do you buy? Q3.  Are there any societal advantages of disadvantages to the Flynn Effect? Q4.  What performance problems is the captain trying to correct? Q5.  Use the MARS model of individual behavior and performanceRead MoreCorporate Survival Strategy: Breakthrough Management5448 Words   |  22 PagesAbstract We are in an age of enormous change in business and industry. Change can be a source of opportunities for business. It can also threaten an organisation’s survival. Today’s king is not guaranteed to be tomorrow’s emperor. We have seen this in history and politics, and we see it in business also. While at times, corporations themselves hasten their downfall by questionable decisions, at other times entrepreneurial start-ups with some luck rapidly make their way to the top. Most of theRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 PagesContemporary Issues in Management Accounting This page intentionally left blank Contemporary Issues in Management Accounting Edited by ALNOOR BHIMANI 1 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford ox2 6dp Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne MexicoRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesmymanagementlab is an online assessment and preparation solution for courses in Principles of Management, Human Resources, Strategy, and Organizational Behavior that helps you actively study and prepare material for class. Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Read MoreManagement Control Systems Pdf115000 Words   |  460 PagesAnalysts of India, January 2006. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, used in a spreadsheet, or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise – without prior permission in writing from Institute of Chartered Financial Analysts of India. Fo ISBN 81-7881-995-3 Ref. No. PMCS/A 01 2K6 31 For any clarification regarding this book, the students may please write to ICFAI giving the above referenceRead MoreH2O Can Expand Operations from Germany Into the Us30890 Words   |  124 PagesBest Practices- Applied Table of Contents (Con’t.) Recommendation PM Program HR Budgets- Components/ Elements Cost Reduction Strategies Budget Cut Recommendations Summary of HR Department Budgeting Challenges Recent Practices from 3-5 US organizations Review of Typical US Rewards Programs. Analysis of Best Practices for Compensation, Benefits, and Perks Consideration of US Taxation requirements (Social Security, Medicare, etc) Best practices/Unique Compensation MethodsRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesThis online teaching and learning environment integrates the entire digital textbook with the most effective instructor and student resources With WileyPLUS: Students achieve concept mastery in a rich, structured environment that’s available 24/7 Instructors personalize and manage their course more effectively with assessment, assignments, grade tracking, and more manage time better study smarter save money From multiple study paths, to self-assessment, to a wealth of interactive visualRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 PagesStrategic Marketing Management Dedication This book is dedicated to the authors’ wives – Gillian and Rosie – and to Ben Gilligan for their support while it was being written. Acknowledgements Our thanks go to Janice Nunn for all the effort that she put in to the preparation of the manuscript. Strategic Marketing Management Planning, implementation and control Third edition Richard M.S. Wilson Emeritus Professor of Business Administration The Business School Loughborough University Read MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pages. Organization Theory Challenges and Perspectives John McAuley, Joanne Duberley and Phil Johnson . This book is, to my knowledge, the most comprehensive and reliable guide to organisational theory currently available. What is needed is a text that will give a good idea of the breadth and complexity of this important subject, and this is precisely what McAuley, Duberley and Johnson have provided. They have done some sterling service in bringing together the very diverse strands of work

A Psychoanalytical Perspective of a Dolls House - 972 Words

A Psychoanalytical Perspective of a Doll’s House Justin Doughman Composition II/Literature South University Online A Psychoanalytical Perspective of â€Å"A Doll’s House† Nora Helmer is a young mother of three and an obedient house wife in, â€Å"A Doll’s House,† a play write written by Henrik Ibsen. Using the psychological perspective to dig deeper into Nora’s subconscious the reader finds that Nora yearns to be an independent women, free to make important choices of her own, because she has never been given the option to make real important choices throughout her life. When she lived with her father she just tried to appease him and when she married Mr. Helmer she found†¦show more content†¦I should have seen it coming. Your father’s shifty nature—be quiet!—your father’s shifty nature has come out in you. (Ibsen, 2011, Act, 2 p. 589). Maybe this was another reason he never gave Nora any reasonability, because he never rely trusted her. This is the point that Nora decides she was done being the submissive one. After all she had done in order to save her husband’s life he was calling her featherbrained and unfit to be around her own children. This is the point when Nora decides that she would be better off trying to grow up on her own. And this is where Mr. Helmer becomes the submissive one, perhaps for the first time in his life, begging Nora not to leave. Henrik Ibsen does a great job connecting with the playwright, characters, and f the audience’s innermost desires, fillings and emotions. â€Å"A Doll’s House† seemed to be a playwright that focused on women’s desires in the nineteenth century. While she seemed to be this selfish, arrogant, immature women that only cared about money. It turned out that the whole time she was just suppressing her desires to be an independent woman. Which ultimate cost her, her marriage. . - References Ibsen, H. (2011). A doll’s house. In D.L. Pike and A.M. Acosta’s (Eds.) Literature: A world of writing stories, poems, plays, and essays [VitalSource digital version] (pp. 555-589). Boston, MA: Pearson LearningShow MoreRelatedchild development essay5345 Words   |  22 Pages2009).Many developmental psychologists view attachment as the special relationships between infants and caregivers, and an important building block for later relationships and adult personality ( LaFreniere 1998). Bowiby’s theory retains the psychoanalytical idea that the quality of attachment to the caregiver has profound implications for the child’s feelings of security and capacity for trusting relationships. Bowlby believed that the human infant is endowed with a set of built-in behaviours thatRead MoreUnit 1 Qcf Level 3 Essay9585 Words   |  39 Pagessimple sequence of events and follow simple instructions. Between the ages of 5 and 7 they become more curious and want to learn about the world around them. The focus however is still quite self-centred, is unable to see the world from a different perspective. They develop interest in reading for themselves and will start writing letters, which develops into being able to read simple books. Their concentration becomes much longer. They start to work with ordering things in sequence from smallest to biggest

Startling Details Regarding Writing Service Online Unveiled

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Financial Analysis for Pharmaceutical Industry free essay sample

Background and Business Strategy Section Major firms of the world pharmaceutical industry Pharmaceutical industry is characterized by high level of concentration. There are about dozen of multinational companies that dominate in industry. Most of companies are not widely diversified and more than 50% of revenues come from sales of pharmaceutical products. There are few companies in industry that have other large sources of income, for example Johnson Johnson. The pharmaceutical industry has two distinct functions: research and development (RD), and manufacturing. The largest and best-known pharmaceutical firms do both functions while some small companies do either of them. Another remarkable characteristic of the pharmaceutical industry is its vast investment in RD to keep product innovation. The high rates of innovation in pharmaceutical industry result from high rates of return on investment in RD also conversely create the incentives necessary to conduct this research. Consumer is sensitive to drug prices. We will write a custom essay sample on Financial Analysis for Pharmaceutical Industry or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If generic substitute is available it creates high pressure on pricing of product. On other side company is able to charge high premium on patented unique drug. As a whole, the industry is highly competitive, but individual products are less so due to the number of products that are substitutes for one another is constraint by different therapeutic classes. Whats more, the threat of new entrants is not significant. As it was discussed above RD requires large funding and to compete in generic drug production you need large start up capital to reach required economies of scale. Bigger companies can allow investments in more research and development projects that diversify their future drugs portfolio and make them much more stable. Pfizer: Pfizer is one of the worlds leading research-based biomedical and pharmaceutical companies. Although Pfizer is in the intensive competitive pharmaceutical industry and there are lots of competitors such as Merck Co. , Inc and Eli Lily, it still has the number one sale in the world. Pfizer has recently grown by mergers. On January 26, 2009, Pfizer agreed to buy Wyeth for IJS$68 billion, a deal financed with cash, shares and loans. The merger will bring the company with the most diversified companies in the global health care industry, with product offerings in numerous growing herapeutic areas, a strong product pipeline, and leading scientific and manufacturing capabilities. Eli Lilly Company: Eli Lily is a worlds leading pharmaceutical Company which was founded in 1876 by a pharmaceutical chemist, Eli Lilly. Nowadays, Lilly is the worlds largest manufacturer and distributor of psychiatric medications. In order to reduce such cost, Lilly transformed itself from a fully integrated company to a global collaboration network. Lilly only adopted a prudent diversification strategy. Within the area of human pharmaceuticals, it always evotes itself into innovation which it believes could keep the company develop of the seven largest pharmaceutical companies in the world both by market occupation and revenue. On March 2009, Merck has proposed to merge with Schering-Plough which made Merck be the 2nd largest pharmaceutical company in the world. Mercks medicines are good at treating asthmatics and hypertension. Major competitors to Merck include Novartis, Pfizer, and Bristol-Myers Squibb. Merck will seek to expand its pipeline by entering into agreements and cooperation with other companies to develop technologies to expand pipeline of potential future roducts. Wyeth: Wyeth, formerly American Home Products (AHP), has history of continuous acquisitions. The company operates in three segments: Pharmaceuticals business, Consumer Healthcare unit and Fort Dodge Animal Health. RD expenses are steady increasing over years. However company faces competition from generic cheaper substitutes. In response company had to launch a cost-cutting program in 2008. This year Pfizer acquisition of Wyeth was announced; deal took place in October 2009. BMS: William McLaren Bristol and John Ripley Myers founded the Bristol, Myers company in 1887. BMS engages in the discovery, development, licensing, manufacture, marketing, distribution, and sale of pharmaceuticals and nutritional products worldwide. The main competitors of BMS are Merck, Novatis and Pfizer. The BMSs key productivity initiatives include reducing general and administrative operations by simplifying, standardizing and outsourcing, where appropriate, processes and services, rationalizing the companys mature brands portfolio, consolidating its global manufacturing network while eliminating complexity and enhancing profitability, simplifying its geographic footprint and mplementing a more efficient go-to-market model. Abbott Laboratories: Abbott Laboratories is a diversified pharmaceuticals health care company. Abbott Laboratories was founded by Chicago physician Wallace Calvin Abbott in 1888. Abbott has a broad range of drug portfolio, medical devices, diagnostics and immunoassay products as well as nutritional products. Abbotts main strategy is product differentiation. Its core businesses focus on pharmaceuticals, medical devices and nutritional products, which have been supplemented through several notable acquisitions.

10 Deductive Essay Topics on Emma Larkin’s #8220;Finding George Orwell in Burma#8221;

10 Deductive Essay Topics on Emma Larkin’s #8220;Finding George Orwell in Burma#8221; If you are looking for facts on Emma Larkins Finding George Orwell in Burma so as to write a deductive essay, there are a handful of great facts from the book which pertain to the book to help you in your writing. These ten facts can prove most useful in helping you to support the claims you might be making in your next essay: In the book â€Å"Finding George Orwell in Burma†, Emma Larkin shows how the government of Burma uses surveillance, censorship, imprisonment, and the rewriting of history to instill fear in its citizens. The government has complete surveillance on its people. The Military Intelligence spies and informers are something spoken about often in the book, something which is so prevalent that people are always afraid to speak out or work with foreigners for fear of being reported to the spies. The emergency provisions act of 1950 provided the government with the ability to sentence any local citizen caught informing foreigners to seven years in prison. This law, and the threat of military intelligence spies contributes even more to the fear of being caught. Fear of having the wrong ideas, of speaking to the wrong person, all of that fear is what breaks apart groups and prevents individuals from sharing their same thoughts or concerns and rising up. When people do rise up, as they did in 1988, the government rewrites history. The generals were rewriting history is a quote from the book which shows how the government rewrote the names of places, streets, buildings, and even disposed of dead bodies and washed away blood from the streets as a way to make all of the people involved in the uprising literally disappear. They did not just kill them, they erased them from history. They erased the memory of the uprising and more. By erasing any evidence of an uprising as well as the evidence of what the government did to those who try to uprising is one of the many ways that the government is able to not only retain fear but use the tool of rewriting history. The Burmese government has a propaganda branch as well as a censorship board both of which work together to produce specific content which has already been approved for magazines as well as newspapers. These two units even create the curriculum for all schools. By censoring all media, the Burmese government is able to maintain complete control of the people by alleviating any potential for motivation or uprisings, and also ensuring that people only hear what the government wants them to hear. By limiting what people have access to, they limit what people think. The government even limited foreign influence. Foreign journalists and writers are not allowed into the country and anyone who has a notebook, camera, or other type of photographic film is continually under surveillance for the duration of their trip. Materials can be reviewed by police as well as military intelligence spies who can delete items that they do not want the individual having. They even have the ability to take away the physical instruments such as a camera and immediately deport the person who owned the camera. If an individual is filming or taking pictures of those locals who are filmed or photographed are also at risk for being detained by police. All of these tools which are used by the government are highly spoken about by Aung San Suu Kyi and reflect strongly on George Orwells contents contained in 1984. Panopticon is the term from George Orwells writing which remains at the center of this type of surveillance. Other terms are also prevalent. Newspeak is a wonderful term which applies to the content distributed by the censorship board. Room 101 refers most strongly to detainees. Another main theme in the writing of George Orwell is out of surveillance. Big brother surveys every aspect of life and infiltrates even the thoughts of its citizens in much the same way that the Burmese do to their people today. Aung San Suu Kyi’s father was a democratic leader of Burma until a coup left him dead. Aung San Suu Kyi took over her father’s role and was soon punished by the military leadership in charge. She married an Englishman and with him had two children, but when she spoke out against the corruption in the government she was placed under house arrest and prohibited not only from seeing her children, but in many cases from having her children visit her. Aung San Suu Kyi was elected in a democratic process once already but the military leadership declared that they were not going to give up their power, after which San Suu Kyi was placed again either in phases of house arrest or would be allowed to leave the country but upon doing so, not allowed back in. She continued to fight alongside her party and to raise international awareness about the seriousness of the human rights abuses. She went on a hunger strike while under house arrest which garnered a great deal of media attention. As of 2015, Burma had open and free elections yet again, and this time Aung San Suu Kyi’s party was elected yet again. The military has stated that it will not contest the results and that it plans to allow the party to assume its role as the new leader. If this takes place, the new party is allowed the authority not only to elect the leader of the country, but other cabinet members. As of late, the former military power changed the constitution to prohibit San Suu Kyi from attaining the role of president, which is a rule that can be overturned if the military leadership keeps to its word and allows the party and San Suu Kyi to assume the power they have been given by their people through the 2015 elections. This book is very interesting to research. That’s why there are also 20 topics on â€Å"Finding Orwell in Burma† by E. Larkin that can be tackled by writing a deductive essay according to our guide. References: Cady, John F.  A history of modern Burma. 1960. Chakraborty, Basanti D. Aung San Suu Kyi.  A Critical Pedagogy of Resistance. SensePublishers, 2013. 121-123. Davison, Peter, Hoepffner Prà ©face de Marie Hermann, and Jean-Jacques Rosat.  George Orwell. Palgrave Macmillan, 1996. Harvey, Godfrey Eric.  History of Burma. Asian Educational Services, 2000. Kyi, Aung San Suu.  Aung San Suu Kyi. 1989. Kyi, Aung San Suu. Freedom from fear.  Index on Censorship  21.1 (1992): 11-30. Kyi, Aung San Suu. Voice of hope.  Index on Censorship  26.3 (1997): 162-168.

The Old Man and the Sea

The Old Man and the Sea The Old Man and the Sea is a story of a modest old man and his struggle for the greatness. The plot is based on life of Santiago, an elderly Cuban fisherman who is unlucky in his fishing escapades. He is so unlucky that parents of a young boy Manolin, who wanted to fish with an old man and learn the skills from him, forbid him doing this and ask to sail with more successful young sailors.Advertising We will write a custom book review sample on The Old Man and the Sea specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The author was on the ground of the World War I, and a casualty of the war may be seen as the reason behind the choice of themes. Bravery, courage, pride and honor are virtues that many survivors of the war possessed. Santiago’s move to set out to sea all alone in order to redeem his reputation among his people is a bold move (Hemingway 22). However, Hemmingway, the author, describes the boy as the one who admires the old man despit e his parents discourage him from joining Santiago in his fishing, he still continues to care for the old man. This essay seeks to make a detailed review of the story, â€Å"The Old Man and the Sea†, its themes and relations to the real world. The plot brings out the boy as being very caring. He is shown in the way he helps the fisherman to carry his fishing gear and discussing the latest happenings in the American baseball. Despite the old man’s unsuccessful fishing trips, the book portrays him as having a strong determination to achieve his aim. In a highly sequential flow of events, the book explains how Santiago sails further away from familiar territory and ventures into the Gulf Stream. The author goes ahead to explain how the old man gets lucky and catches a big fish known as Marlin at midday. However, in a twist to the story, Santiago is unable to pull the gigantic animal to his boat, and the fish starts pulling. The story shows the reader an image of an enduri ng man who is overcome by fear trying to save his life by all means. It is presented when Santiago struggles to bear the strain of the line hooking the massive fish with his shoulders. He does this in order to avoid tearing the boat apart and tries to hook on it. The story explains how an old man pulls the line for three days as the fish swims with the old man enduring this pain (Hemingway 40). In this day to day sequence of events, Santiago is presented to the reader as an affectionate man who, despite the strain that the fish is putting him through, sees it as a brother in endurance, suffering, strength and resolve. Testimony to this, (the way Santiago feels it); the people who are going to eat this fish are not entitled to such greatness.Advertising Looking for book review on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is on the third day that we see Santiago is getting his catch into the boat finally. It is the evidence of Santiagos endurance and determination because, according to the story, this is the biggest fish that Santiago has ever caught after number of unsuccessful trials (Bloom, 150). In addition, the story brings out the anti-climax of Santiago’s happiness. It explains how Santiago struggles with the attacks of sharks that were attracted by the blood trails left from the fish. Hemmingway creates an image of a boat deep in the sea surrounded by sharks in the mind of the reader. This is where the courage of the old man is brought out. He is seen trying to deter the Sharks from attacking him by all possible means. For example, he fights them with a spear made by lashing a dagger to an oar and beating them up with the boats filler (Gerry 80). The old man’s courage and creativity are paid back as he manages to kill several sharks. However, he is left with nothing, as sharks manage to devour his catch leaving him with a skeleton, head and a tail. The man regr ets his decision to go out far into the sea. He stumbles back home completely worn out and goes to sleep (Hemingway 20). Despite loosing the fish, the old man achieves greatness without realizing it. The reader understands this when reading about tourists who watch a giant Skeleton with amusement the following morning. Two themes can be brought out from this story. The first one is the theme of honor. Throughout the story, Santiago is shown as a person swimming against the tide trying not to be defeated. He is shown as a person who is struggling with the power of the sea without catching any fish for eighty seven days, but breaks his record by catching the largest fish ever caught in all his years of fishing. He is seen as fighting defeat by sailing into deep waters; he is struggling with a marlin for three days, and fights off shark attacks. This theme shows that Santiago and Marlin display virtues of courage and strong will, and they are willing to go to extraordinary lengths to u phold them. Santiago’s story does not provides him with the opportunity to change man’s place in the world, rather it enables him meet his most dignified destiny (Hemingway, 40).Advertising We will write a custom book review sample on The Old Man and the Sea specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The other theme discussed in this story is the theme of pride as the source of greatness and determination. Santiago’s character is created similar to all heroes of the world. In addition to coming out as strong, courageous and morally certain, they all possess a fatal flaw and pride. This leads to their downfall despite all the admiration that they receive. Santiago, on the other hand, is portrayed as being proof that it is pride that pushes great men towards greatness. For example, Santiago admits to killing Marlin out of pride. Thus, pride becomes the source of Santiago’s strength. Without this pride, he would neithe r have ventured deep into the sea, nor would he have struggled with the giant fish for three consecutive days. Pride drives the old man to transcend the forces of nature and come out triumphant (Gerry 50). In conclusion, it can be argued that this book tries to explain human nature. It explains that we are beings who, in most cases, are driven by pride while trying to achieve our goals in life. In addition, it tries to bring out the fact that pride does not always lead to downfall. Hemmingway illustrates that victory is not always a qualification for honor. It is brought about when one has the pride to struggle until the very end. In the case of Santiago, the glory and pride come not as a result of battle, but from his pride and determination to fight. Bloom, Harold. Earnest Hemingway’s the Old Man and Sea. New York: InfoBase publishing, 2008. Print. Gerry, Brenner. The Old Man and the Sea: Story of a Common Man. Michigan: University of Michigan, 1991. Print. Hemingway, Erne st. The Old Man and the Sea. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2002. Print.

Prosecutorial Misconduct Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Prosecutorial Misconduct - Research Paper Example Then, in the proceedings of the case, a prosecutor presents legal facts to the judge aimed at convincing him or her to prove the guilty of the suspect (Lawless, 2008). In a court case, therefore, the prosecutor ought to apply some professional moral codes in his/her course of prosecutions. Sometimes, the prosecutors can fail to reveal evidence that proves the suspects’ innocence since their motives are always to convict the suspects. Prosecutorial misconduct has been witnessed in many cases where the suspects who are innocent serve sentences in prison whereas the guilty ones are left free. Prosecutors should be charged in law courts in case they act inappropriately like when they are discovered harassing the defendant. In case the defendant is mistreated by the prosecutor in or outside the courtroom, he or she can seek disciplinary action or file a civil suit against the prosecutor. In a court case, the trials against the suspect can be politically motivated and this means that, consideration of such misconducts is important in order to find justice in that case (Siegel, 2010). Prosecutorial conducts can arise from misconducts in the courtroom, failure to reveal the evidence that favors the defendant and harassment of the defendant. These behaviors ought to be stopped since many innocent persons have served imprisonments supposed to be served by others. The criminal justice system ought to put in place some measures to curb such misconducts because they not only oppress the victims but also contributes to the loss of public confidence in the judiciary system (Lawless, 2008). Imagine a businessman convicted of murdering his wife and the judge passes 20 years sentence in jail. After 15 years, police investigation reports are revealed showing that the DNA tests of bloody clothing found on the crime scene matches with another man serving life imprisonment for other murder cases. In such a case, it seems that, either the prosecutor failed